Researchers have discovered that certain types of worms, like wax worms and mealworms, can biodegrade plastic, offering a potential solution to mounting plastic waste. Wax worms, for example, secrete enzymes in their saliva that can break down polyethylene, a common plastic, in just hours. This process doesn’t require the extreme conditions typically needed for plastic degradation, such as high temperatures or ultraviolet light.
The discovery originated accidentally when a beekeeper noticed wax worms making holes in a plastic bag. Subsequent studies revealed that the worms chemically break down the plastic, rather than merely chewing through it. These enzymes are the first known in animals capable of degrading plastic at room temperature, presenting opportunities for innovative recycling methods.
Mealworms also show promise as they can digest various forms of plastic without suffering ill effects. However, using such organisms for large-scale plastic recycling has challenges. The degradation process releases carbon dioxide, and scaling up would require vast numbers of worms, raising sustainability concerns.
While promising, this approach isn’t a standalone solution. Instead, it might complement existing methods, with potential applications ranging from industrial recycling plants to at-home kits for processing plastic waste.
Further research is necessary to refine these biological processes and integrate them into practical waste management systems. Still, the findings offer a glimpse of nature-inspired solutions to the plastic pollution crisis. For more details, visit Science News or Smithsonian Magazine.